• Operations

    Addition and Subtraction Assessment Protocol

    These tasks are designed to help you assess children’s concepts of addition and subtraction.  The protocol begins with concrete addition and subtraction and moves on to operations with symbols.
  • Operations

    Addition and Subtraction Assessment Videos

    This page consists of video clips that are designed to illustrate assessing students using the addition and subtraction assessment protocol. Please visit the Addition and Subtraction Assessment Protocol  for more details.
  • Operations

    Supporting Executive Functioning Through Operations

    This resource explores connections among executive functioning (EF) and mathematical operations and provides tips for early childhood educators to support EF while engaging in operations.
  • Operations

    Additional Operations Videos

    More video resources related to the development of operations and how teachers can engage young children in operations.
  • Operations

    Engaging Participants around Problem Types

    We describe some ways you might engage participants in these problem types to help them see the range of problems, how they might be easier or more difficult for young
  • Operations

    Analyzing One’s Own Thinking to Learn About Children’s

    One of our main goals is to help participants understand the importance of assessing children’s thinking. The activity described here engages participants in an analysis of their own thinking as they
  • Operations

    Beginning Strategies for Problem Solving

    This piece explores the intuitive strategies that young children use to solve addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division problems.
  • Operations

    Ethan and the Rocks: One-to-One and Fairness

    This video of four-year-old Ethan illustrates how young children engage in mathematics in real-life situations as he distributes rocks “fairly” using one-to-one correspondence. 
  • Operations

    Does Charlotte Understand Addition and Mathematical Symbols?

    This is a Math Thinking Story about a five-year-old preschool girl, who was interviewed towards the end of the school year in May. Here we explore her understanding of addition
  • Operations

    Ben Learns How to Add

    Addition can grow directly out of children’s experience with counting objects.  Ben illustrates how a young child adds.